Absorption is defined as energy taken in by a material and often converted to heat.

Absorption is defined as energy taken in by a material and often converted to heat.

• A. Transmission
• B. Reflection
• C. Refraction
• D. Absorption

Answer: (D)

Absorption is the process by which energy from light or other radiation enters a material and is often converted to heat. That exact idea—energy being taken in by the material and typically turning into internal energy as heat—is what the statement describes, so it matches absorption precisely. If energy is transmitted, it passes through the material. If it is reflected, it bounces off. If it refracts, it bends as it enters a different medium. These describe different ways light interacts with matter and do not inherently involve the energy being absorbed and converted to heat in the material.

Absorption is the process by which energy from light or other radiation enters a material and is often converted to heat. That exact idea—energy being taken in by the material and typically turning into internal energy as heat—is what the statement describes, so it matches absorption precisely.

If energy is transmitted, it passes through the material. If it is reflected, it bounces off. If it refracts, it bends as it enters a different medium. These describe different ways light interacts with matter and do not inherently involve the energy being absorbed and converted to heat in the material.